What to do to treat winter illnesses in children

Bronchiolitis

During winter and rainy seasons, many children suffer from cold, cough, and difficulty breathing. Most of these cases are not pneumonia. In the majority of instances, it is bronchiolitis caused by the RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus). However, many people mistakenly think it is pneumonia. Children under two years of age are most susceptible.

A child with bronchiolitis can usually be treated at home, but they should be kept away from healthy children. Symptoms include: continuous runny nose, cough, difficulty breathing, wheezing sounds while breathing, mild fever, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, and in severe cases, blue lips.

Most inflammatory illnesses in children during winter occur due to the negligence or unhealthy habits of adults in the household.

Tests and Care

Bronchiolitis can usually be managed at home. Care includes:

• Wiping the child’s body with lukewarm water.

• Elevating the head while sleeping.

• Clearing the nose regularly.

• Providing nutritious food.

If complications arise, immediate hospitalization is necessary. Tests such as a chest X-ray or CBC (Complete Blood Count) may be performed. If the child cannot eat orally, saline, oxygen, or nebulization may be required.

Winter Care for Children with Asthma

• Children with asthma or allergies should avoid cold weather. Winter is not a season for them to enjoy as usual.

• Change the timing of walks if you usually go in the early morning or evening, as temperature variations are higher and dew/fog can increase cold exposure.

• Airborne dust and pollen are higher in winter. Masks should be worn when going outside.

• Keep children warmly dressed with mufflers, hats, socks, and gloves. Do not let them walk barefoot.

• Keep inhalers, nebulizers, and other essential medications at home. Always check their expiry dates.

• Adult vaccination is important. Getting a flu shot every year before winter can help asthma patients remain healthier.

• Avoid clutter in bedrooms; cover items to prevent dust accumulation.

• Avoid smoking.

Tests for Asthma

• Spirometry or Peak Flowmetry: Measures airway obstruction.

• Methacholine Challenge Test: Assesses airway hyperreactivity.

• Blood Tests: Check for eosinophils and other cells that indicate airway inflammation. Levels of eosinophils and serum IgE are measured in blood and sputum.

• Skin Prick Test: Small amounts of allergens are introduced into the skin to test reactions.

• Allergy Panel Test: Blood tests to identify specific allergens causing asthma.

Role of Diet in Asthma

Dietary triggers vary by individual. Some children react to beef or shrimp, while others react to eggplant. Common potential triggers include: eggplant, pointed gourd (pui shak), shrimp, hilsa fish, beef, ripe banana, and duck eggs.

Beneficial Foods for Asthma Patients

Vegetables are very beneficial for asthma patients. Seasonal vegetables are widely available. Additionally, foods like carrots, apples, broccoli, ginger, garlic, honey, and ginger tea help prevent asthma attacks.